Duralast 30 mg tablet complete review
Duralast 30 mg tablet is a medication used primarily as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) for the treatment of premature ejaculation. It helps increase the time it takes to ejaculate and improve control over ejaculation.
As with any medication, it's important to follow your healthcare provider's instructions and discuss any potential side effects or interactions with other medications you may be taking. If you have any specific concerns or questions about Dapoxetine, consult your healthcare provider for detailed guidance.
Tablet Composition:
Each Film Coated Tablet of Duralast"30 Contains:
Dapoxetine Hydrochloride IP equivalent to Dapoxetine 30 mg
indications:
Duralast®30 is indicated for the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE) in men 18 to 64 years of age.
Dosage and Administration:
Tablets should be swallowed whole to avoid the bitter taste. It is recommended that tablets be taken with at least one full glass of water. Patients should be cautioned to avoid situations where injury could result, including driving or operating hazardous machinery, should syncope or its prodromal symptoms such as dizziness or lightheadedness occur.
Before treatment is initiated in adult men (18 to 64 years of age), the physician should obtain a careful medical history focusing on past orthostatic events and also perform an orthostatic test (blood pressure and pulse rate, supine and standing). If the patient discloses a history Suggestive of orthostatic reactions or an orthostatic test shows this kind of reaction, treatment with dapOxetine should be avoided.
The recommended starting dose for all patients is 30 mg, taken as needed approximately 1 to 3 hours prior to sexual activity. The maximum recommended dosing frequency is once every 24 hours. If the effect of 30 ma is insufficient and the side effects are acceptable, the dose may be increased to the maximum recommended dose of 60 mg.
If the patient has had orthostatic reactions on the starting dose, no dase escalation to 60 mg should be performed.
Duralast 30 may be taken with or without food.
The physician who elects to use Duralast°30 for the treatment of premature ejaculation should evaluate the risks and patient reported benefits of the medicinal product after the first four weeks of treatment or after 6 doses to assess the patient risk-benefit balance and to determine whether continuing treatment with Duralast"30 is appropriate.
Caution is advised if increasing the dose to 60 mg in patients known to be of CYP2D6 poor metabolizer genotype or in patients concomitantly treated with potent CYP2D6 inhibitors.
Concomitant use of potent CYP3A4 inhibitors is contraindicated. The dose is restricted to 30 mg in patients concomitantly treated with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors and caution is advised.
Elderly: Safety and efficacy of Duralast"30 have niot been established in patients aged 65 years and over as limited data are available in this population.
Pediatric use: Duralast®30 should not be used in individuals below 18 years of age.
Hepatic impairment: Duralast"30 is contraindicated in patients with moderate and severe hepatic impairment (Child -Pugh Class B and C).
Renal impairment: Caution is advised in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment. Duralast 30 is not recommended for use in patients with severe renal impairment.
Contra-indications:
Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients.
Significant pathological cardiac conditions such as heart failure (NYHA class I-V), conduction abnormalities (second or third degree AV block or sick sinus syndrome) not treated with a permanent pacemaker, significant ischemic heart disease and significant valvular disease.
Concomitant treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOls), or within 14 days of discontinuing treatment with an MAOI. Similarly, an MAOI should not be administered within 7 days after dapoxetine has been discontinued.
Concomitant treatment with thioridazine, or within 14 days of discontinuing treatment with thioridazine. Similarly, thioridazine should not be administered within 7 days after dapoxetine has been discontinued.
Concomitant treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors [selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)] or other medicinal/herbal products with serotonergic effects. [e.g., L-tryptophan, triptans, tramadol, linezolid, lithium, St. John s Wort (Hypericum perforatum)] or within 14 days of discontinuing treatment with these medicinal/herbal products. Similarly, these medicinal/herbal products should not be administered within 7 days after dapoxetine has been discontinued.
Concomitant treatment of potent CYP3A4 inhibitors such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir, saquinavir, telithromycin, nefazadone, nelfinavir, atazanavir, etc.
Moderate to severe hepatic impairment.
Warnings and Precautions:
Dapoxetine is only indicated in men with PE. Safety has not been established and there are no data on the ejaculation delaying effects in men without PE.
Patients should be advised not to use dapoxetine in combination with recreational drugs. Recreational drugs with serotonergic activity such as ketamine. methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) may lead to potentially serious reactions if combined with dapoxetine. These reactions include, but are not limited to, arrhythmia, hyperthermia, and serotonin syndrome. Use of dapoxetine with recreational drugs with sedative properties such as narcotics and benzodiazepines may further increase somnolence and dizziness.
Combining alcohol with dapoxetine may increase alcohol related neurocognitive effects and may also enhance neurocardiogenic adverse events such as syncope, thereby increasing the risk of accidental injury; therefore, patients should be advised to avoid alcohol while taking dapoxetine.
The frequency of syncope characterized as loss of consciousness in the dapoxetine clinical development program varied depending on the population studied and ranged from 0.06% (30mg) to 0.23% (60 mg) for subjects enrolled in the Phase 3 placebo controlled clinical trials to
0.64% (all doses combined) for Phase 1 non-PE healthy volunteer studies.
Possibly prodromal symptoms such as nausea, dizziness/ light headedness, and diaphoresis reported more frequently among patients treated with dapoxetine compared to placebo. In patients receiving 30 mg dapoxetine in Phase 3 clinical trials, nausea was reported in 11.0%, dizziness in 5.8% and hyperhidrosis/diaphoresis in 0.8%. In patients receiving 60 dapoxetine in Phase 3 clinical.trials, nausea was reported in 21.2%, dizziness in 11.7% and hyperhidrosis/diaphoresis in 1.5%. In addition, the ocCurrence of syncope and possibly prodromal symptoms appears dose dependent as demonstrated by higher incidence among patients treated with higher than recommended doses in Phase 3 clinical trials.
Cases of syncope characterized as loss of consciousness observed in the clinical trials were considered vasovagal in etiology and the majority occurred during the first 3 hours after dosing, after the first dose, or associated with study related procedures in the clinic seting (such as blood draw and orthostatic maneuvers and blood pressure measurements). Possibly prodromal symptoms, such as nausea, dizziness, light headedness, palpitations, asthenia, confusion and diaphoresis generally occurred within the first 3 hours following dosing, and often preceded the syncope. Patients need to be made aware that they could experience.
syncope at any time with or without prodromal symptoms during their treatment with dapoxetine. Prescribers should counsel patients about the importance of maintaining adequate hydration and about how to recognize prodromal signs and symptoms to decrease the likelihood of serious injury associated with falls due to loss of consciousness, It the patient experiences possibly prodromal symptoms, the patient should immediately lie down so his head is lower than the rest of his body or sit down with his head between his knees until the symptoms pass, and be cautioned to avoid situations where injury could result, including diving or operating hazardous machinery, should syncope or other CNS effects Occur.
Combining alcohol with dapoxetine may enhance neurocardiogenic adverse events such as syncope, thereby increasing the risk of accidental injury: therefore, patients should be advised to avoid alcohol while taking dapoxetine.
Subjects with underlying cardiovascular disease were excluded from Phase 3 clinical trials. The risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes from syncope (cardiac syncope and syncope from other causes) is increased in patients with underlying structural cardiovascular disease (e.g.. documented outflow obstruction, valvular heart disease, carotid stenosis and coronary artery disease). There are insufficient data to determine whether this increased risk extends to vasovagal syncope in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease.
An orthostatic test should be performed before initiating therapy. In case of a history of documented or suspected orthostatic reaction, treatment with dapoxetine should be avoided.
Orthostatic hypotension has been reported in clinical trials. The prescriber should counsel the patient in advance that if he experiences possibly prodromal symptoms, such as light headeaness soon after standing, he should immediately lie down so his nead is lower than the rest of his body or sit down with his head between his knees until the symptoms pass. The prescriber should also inform the patient not to rise quickly after prolonged lying or sitting. In addition, dapoxetine should be prescribed with caution in patients taking medicinal products with vasodilatation properties (such as alpha adrenergic receptor antagonists, nitrates, PDE5 inhibitors) due to possible reduced orthostatic tolerance.
Caution is advised in patients taking moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors and the dose is restricted to 30 mg.
Caution is advised if increasing the dose to 60 mg in patients taking potent CYP2D6 inhibitors or if increasing the dose to 60 mg in patients known to be of CYP2D6 poor metabolizer genotype, as this may increase exposure levels, which may result in a higher incidence and severity of dose dependent adverse events.
Antidepressants, including SSRis, increased the risk compared to placebo of suicidal thinking and suicidality in short term studies in children and adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder and other psychiatric disorders. Short term studies did not show an increase in the fisk of suicidality with antidepressants compared to placebo in adults beyond age 24. In clinical trials with dapoxetine for the treatment of premature ejaculation, there was no clear indication of treatment emergent suicidality.
Dapoxetine should not be used in patients with a history of mania/ hypomania or bipolar disorder and should be discontinued in any patient who develops symptoms of these disorders.
Due to the potential of SSRIs to lower the seizure threshold, dapoxetine should be discontinued In any patient who develops seizures and avoided in patients with unstable epilepsy. Patients with controlled epilepsy should be carefully monitored.
Men with underlying signs and symptoms of depression should be evaluated prior to treatment with dapoxetine to rule out undiagnosed depressive disorders. Concomitant treatment of dapoxetine with antidepressants, including SSRIs and SNRIs, is contraindicated. Discontinuation of treatment for ongoing depression or anxiety in order to initiate dapoxetine for the treatment of PE is not recommended. Dapoxetine is not indicated for psychiatric disorders and should not be used in men with these disorders, such as schizophrenia, or in those suffering with comorbid depression, as worsening of symptoms associated with depression cannot be excluded. This could be the result of underlying psychiatric disorder or might be a result of medicinal product therapy. Physicians should encourage patients to report any distressing thoughts or feelings at any time and if signs and symptoms of depression develop during treatment, dapoxetine should be discontinued.
There have been reports of bleeding abnormalities with SSRIs. Caution is advised in patients taking dapoxetine, particularly in concomitant use with medicinal products known to affect platelet function (e.g., atypical antipsychotics and phenothiazines, acetylsalicylic acid, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], antiplatelet agents) or anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin), as well as in patients with a history of bleeding or coagulation disorders.
Abrupt discontinuation of chronically administered SSRIs used to treat chronic depressive disorders has been reported to result in the following symptoms: dysphoric mood, irritability. agitation, dizziness, sensory disturbances (e.g.. paresthesias such as electric shock sensations), anxiety, confusion, headache, lethargy, emotional lability, insomnia and hypomania.
However, a double blind clinical trial in subjects with PE designed to assess the withdrawal effects of 62 days of daily or as needed dosing with 60 mg dapoxetine showed no evidence of withdrawal syndrome and little evidence of withdrawal symptoms with only a slightly higher incidence of mild or moderate insomnia and dizziness reported in subjects switched to placebo after daily dosing.
Consistent results were seen in a second double blind clinical trial with a 24 week treatment phase of 30 and 60 mg doses as needed followed by a 1 week withdrawal assessment period.
Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
Dapoxetine has minor or moderate influence on the ability to drive and use machines. Dizziness, disturbance in attention, syncope, blurred vision and somnolence have been reported in subjects receiving dapoxetine in clinical trials. Therefore, patients should be warned to avoid situations where injury could result, including driving or operating hazardous machinery.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Dapoxetine is not indicated for use in women. It is not known if either dapoxetine or its metabolites are excreted in human breast milk.
Drug Interactions:
In patients receiving an SSRI in combination with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), there have been reports of serious, sometimes fatal, reactions including hyperthermia, rigidity, myoclonus, autonomic instability with possible rapid fluctuations of vital signs, and mental status changes that include extreme agitation progressing to delirium and coma. These reactions have also been reported in patients who have recently discontinued an SSRI and have been started on an MAOI. Some cases presented with features resembling neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Animal data on the effects of combined use of an SSRI and MAOIS suggest that these medicinal products may act synergistically to elevate blood pressure and evoke behavioural excitation. Therefore, dapoxetine should not be used in combination with an MAOI, or within 14 days of discontinuing treatment with an MAOI. Similarly, an MAOI should not be administered within 7 days after dapoxetine has been discontinued
Thioridazine administration alone produces prolongation of the QTc interval, which is associated with serious ventricular arrhythmias. Medicinal products such as dapoxetine that inhibit the CYP2D6 isoenzyme appear to inhibit the metabolism of thioridazine and the resulting elevated levels of thioridazine are expected to augment the prolongation of the QTc interval. Dapoxetine should not be used in combination with thioridazine or within 14 days of discontinuing treatment with thioridazine. Similarly, thioridazine should not be administered within 7 days after dapoxetine has been discontinued.
As with other SSRIs, coadministration with serotonergic medicinal/herbal products (including MAOIS, L-tryptophan, triptans, tramadol, linezolid, SSRIs, SNRIs, lithium and St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) preparations) may lead to an incidence of serotonin associated effects. Dapoxetine should not be used in combination with other SSRIs, MAOIs or other serotonergic medicinal/herbal products or within 14 days of discontinuing treatment with these medicinal/herbal products. Similarly, these medicinal/herbal products should not be administered within 7 days after dapoxetine has been discontinued.
The use of dapoxetine in combination with CNS active medicinal products has not been systematically evaluated in patients with premature ejaculation. Consequently, caution is advised if the concomitant administration of dapoxetine and such medicinal products is required.
Administration of ketoconazole (200 mg twice daily for 7 days) Increased the Cmax and AUG of dapoxetine (60 mg single dose) by 35% and 99%, respectively, Considering the contribution of both unbound dapoxetine and desmethyldapoxetine, the Cmax of the active fraction may be increased by approximately 25% and the AUC of the active fraction may be doubled if taken with potent CYP3A4 inhibitors.
The increases in the Cmax and AUC of the active fraction may be markedly increased in a part of the population which lack a functional CYP2D6 enzyme, i.e., CYP2D6 poor metabolizers, or in combination with potent inhibitors of CYP2D6.
Therefore, concomitant use of dapoxetine and potent CYP3A4 inhibitors, such as ketoconazole, Itraconazole, ritonavir, saquinavir, telithromycin, nefazodone, nelfinavir and atazanavir, is contraindicated.
Concomitant treatment with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., erythromycin, clarithromycin, fluconazole, amprenavir, fosamprenavir, aprepitant, verapamil, diltiazem) may also give rise to significantly increased exposure of dapoxetine and desmethyldapoxetine, especially in CYP2D6 poor metabolizers. The maximum dose of dapoxetine should be 30 mg if dapoxetine is combined with any of these drugs.
These two measures apply to all patients unless the patient has been verified to be a CYP2D6 extensive metabolizer by geno or phenotyping. In patients verified to be CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers, a maximum dose of 30 mg is advised if dapoxetine is combined with a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor and caution is advised if dapoxetine in 60 mg doses is taken concomitantly with a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor.
The Cmax and AUC, of dapoxetine (60 mg single dose) increased by 50% and 88%, respectively, in the presence of fluoxetine (60 mg/day for 7 days). Considering the contribution of both unbound dapoxetine and desmethyldapoxetine, the Cmax of the active fraction may be increased by approximately 50% and the AUC of the active fraction may be doubled if taken with potent CYP2D6 inhibitors. These increases in the Cmax and AUC of the active fraction are similar to those expected for CYP2D6 poor metabolizers and may result in a higher incidence and severity of dose dependent adverse events.
The pharmacokinetics of dapoxetine (60 mg) in combination with tadalafil (20 mg) and sildenafil (100 mg) were evaluated in a single dose crossover study. Tadalafil did not affect the pharmacokinetics of dapoxetine. Sildenafil caused slight changes in dapoxetine pharmacokinetics (22% increase in AUC, and 4% increase in Cmax), which are not expected to be clinically significant. However, dapoxetine should be prescribed with caution in patients who use PDE5 inhibitors due to possible reduced orthostatic tolerance.
Concomitant administration of single or multiple doses of 30 mg or 60 mg dapoxetine to patients receiving daily doses of tamsulosin did not result in changes in the pharmacokinetics of tamsulosin. The addition of dapoxetine to tamsulosin did not result in a change in the orthostatic profile and there were no differences in orthostatic effects between tamsulosin combined with either 30 or 60 mg dapoxetine and tamsulosin alone; however, dapoxetine should be prescribed with caution in patients who use alpha adrenergic receptor antagonists due to possible reduced or thostatic tolerance.
Multiple doses of dapoxetine (60 mg/day for 6 days) followed by a single 50 mg dose of desipramine increased the mean Cmax and AUC, of desipramine by approximately 11% and 19%, respectively, compared to desipramine administered alone, Dapoxetine may give rise to a similar increase in the plasma concentrations of other drugs metabolized by CYP2D6. The clinical relevance is likely to be small.
Multiple dosing of dapoxetine (60 mg/day for 6 days) decreased the AUC,, of midazolam (8 mg single dose) by approximately 20% (range-60 to +18%). The clinical relevance of the effect on midazolam is likely to be small in most patients. The increase in CYP3A activity may be of clinical relevance in some individuals concomitantly treated with a medicinal product mainly metabolized by CYP3A and with a narrow therapeutic window.
Multiple dosing of dapoxetine (60 mg/day for 6 days) did not inhibit the metabolism of a single 40 mg dose of omeprazole. Dapoxetine is unlikely to affect the pharmacokinetics of other CYP2C19 substrates.
Multiple dosing of dapoxetine (60 mg/day for 6 days) did not affect the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of a single 5 mg dose of glyburide. Dapoxetine is unlikely to affect the pharmacokinetics of other CYP2C9 substrates.
There are no data evaluating the effect of chronic use of warfarin with dapoxetine; therefore, caution is advised when dapoxetine is used in patients taking warfarin chronically. In a pharmacokinetic study, dapoxetine (60 mg/day for 6 days) did not affect the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics (PT or INR) of warfarin following a single 25 mg dose.
Coadministration of a single dose of ethanol, 0.5 g/kg (approximately 2 drinks), did not affect the pharmacokinetics of dapoxetine (60 mg single dose); however, dapoxetine in combination with ethanol increased somnolence and significantly decreased selfrated alertness. Pharmacodynamic measures of cognitive impairment (Digit Vigilance Speed, Digit Symbol Substitution Test) also showed an additive effect when dapoxetine was coadministered with ethanol. Concomitant use of alcohol and dapoxetine increases the chance or severity of adverse reactions such as dizziness, drowsiness, slow reflexes, or altered judgment. Combining alcohol with dapoxetine may increase these alcohol related effects and may also enhance neurocardiogenic adverse events such as syncope, thereby increasing the risk of accidental injury; therefore, patients should be advised to avoid alcohol.
Side effects:
The very common adverse drug reactions occuring in > 1/10 of patients treated with dapoxetine were dizziness, headache and nausea.
The common adverse reactions occuring in ≥ 1/100 to < 1/10 of patients were insomnia anxiety, agitation, restlessness, decreased libido, abnormal dreams, somnolence, disturbance in attention, tremor, paraesthesia, blurred vision, tinnitus, flushing, sinus congestion, yawning. diarrhoea, dry mouth, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, upper abdominal pain, dyspepsia, flatulence, stomach discomfort, abdominal distention, hyperhidrosis, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, irritability and increased blood pressure.
The uncommon adverse reactions occuring in ≥ 1/1000 to 1/100 of patients were depression, depressed mood, nervousness, nightmare, sleep disorder, bruxism, euphoric mood, indifference, apathy, altered mood, initial insomnia, middle insomnia, anorgasmia. confusional state, hypervigilance, abnormal thinking, disorientation, loss of libido, dysgeusia, hypersomnia, lethargy, sedation, depressed level of consciousness, syncope, vasovagal syncope, postural dizziness, akathisia, mydriasis, visual disturbance, vertigo, sinus arrest. sinus bradycardia, tachycardia, hot flush, hypotension, systolic hypertension, abdominal discomfort, epigastric discomfort, pruritis, cold sweat, ejaculation failure, paraesthesia of genital male, male orgasmic disorder, asthenia, feeling hot, feeling jittery, abnormal feeling, feeling drunk, increased heart rate, increased diastolic blood pressure and increased orthostatic blood pressure.
The rare adverse reactions occuring in ≥ 1/10000 to 1/1000 of patients were exertional dizziness, sudden onset of sleep and defaecation urgency.
Overdosage:
No case of overdose has been reported.
There were no unexpected adverse events in a clinical pharmacológy study of dapoxetine with daily doses up to 240 mg (two 120 mg doses given 3 hours apart). In general, symptoms of overdose with SSRIs include serotonin mediated adverse reactions such as somnolence, gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and vomiting, tachycardia, tremor, agitation and dizziness.
In cases of overdose, standard supportive measures should be adopted as required. Due to high protein binding and large volume of distribution of dapoxetine hydrochloride, forced diuresis, dialysis, hemoperfusion and exchange transfusion are unlikely to be of benefit. No specific antidotes for dapoxetine are known.
Clinical Pharmacology:
Dapoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
Mechanism of Action
The mechanism of action of dapoxetine in premature ejaculation is presumed to be linked to the inhibition of neuronal reuptake of serotonin and the subsequent potentiation of the neurotransmitter's action at pre and postsynaptic receptors.
Human ejaculation is primarily mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. The ejaculatory pathway originates from a spinal reflex centre, mediated by the brain stem, which is influenced Initially by a number of nuclei in the brain (medial preoptic and paraventricular nuclei). Post ganglionic sympathetic fibers that innervate the seminal vesicles, vas deferens, prostate, bulbourethral muscles and bladder neck cause them to contract in a coordinated fashion to achieve ejaculation. Dapoxetine modulates this ejaculatory reflex, causing an increase in pudendal motoneuron reflex discharge (PMRD) latency and a reduction in PMRD duration.
